The Great Depression also spurred the development of government relief programs, including the Works Progress Administration WPA , a jobs program for unemployed Americans in which many of the group participated, and which allowed so many artists to establish a career path. But it was the exposure to and assimilation of European modernism that set the stage for the most advanced American art.
There were several venues in New York for seeing avant-garde art from Europe. The Museum of Modern Art had opened in , and there artists saw a rapidly growing collection acquired by director Alfred H. Barr, Jr. The forerunner of the Solomon R.
Even prior to that date, its collection of Kandinskys had been publicly exhibited several times. The lessons of European modernism were also disseminated through teaching. The German expatriate Hans Hofmann — became the most influential teacher of modern art in the United States, and his impact reached both artists and critics. The crisis of war and its aftermath are key to understanding the concerns of the Abstract Expressionists.
The Surrealists opened up new possibilities with their emphasis on tapping the unconscious. One Surrealist device for breaking free of the conscious mind was psychic automatism—in which automatic gesture and improvisation gain free rein.
Early Work Early on, the Abstract Expressionists, in seeking a timeless and powerful subject matter, turned to primitive myth and archaic art for inspiration. Rothko, Pollock, Motherwell, Gottlieb, Newman, and Baziotes all looked to ancient or primitive cultures for expression. Their early works feature pictographic and biomorphic elements transformed into personal code.
Jungian psychology was compelling, too, in its assertion of the collective unconscious. Directness of expression was paramount, best achieved through lack of premeditation. There is no such thing as a good painting about nothing. We assert that the subject is critical. Mature Abstract Expressionism: Gesture In , Pollock developed a radical new technique, pouring and dripping thinned paint onto raw canvas laid on the ground instead of traditional methods of painting in which pigment is applied by brush to primed, stretched canvas positioned on an easel.
The paintings were entirely nonobjective. Jackson Pollock — Mark Rothko — Lee Krasner — Willem de Kooning — Arshile Gorky c. Helen Frankenthaler — Barnett Newman — Clyfford Still — Robert Motherwell — Selected artworks in the collection Left Right.
Lee Krasner Gothic Landscape On display at Tate Modern part of In the Studio. Arshile Gorky Waterfall Franz Kline Meryon —1. Sam Francis Around the Blues , —3. Robert Motherwell Iberia No. II Mark Rothko Black on Maroon On display at Tate Britain part of Turner Collection. Jackson Pollock Yellow Islands Is Picasso an abstract artist? Who is the father of abstract art?
Who is the best abstract artist? Is Van Gogh an abstract artist? What is an example of abstract art? What are the rules of abstract art? Is Van Gogh an expressionist artist? Who is the father of Expressionism?
Why is it called expressionism? Who started expressionism art? What makes Expressionism unique? How did Expressionism changed art? What defines expressionism? How do you identify expressionism in art? What is Expressionism in literature? What did expressionism influence?
What are the characteristics of expressionism? What is the description of Fauvism? What are the characteristics of Fauvism?
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