Roete asserts that, though categorization is a fundamental human process, the properties that we assign a category are variable to the ideas we hold about its constituents — thus leading to prejudice.
As such, ideology is of only minor significance in the formation prejudice. This seems to me a distinction without any difference. What are ideas, if not the foundation of ideology? How can one form opinions about complex societies without ideology? Of course, one cannot have an intricate set of prejudices without ideology. Furthermore, the cultivation of positive ideas about something, rather than negative ones, would not be reducing prejudice, but merely rebalancing it — and a fundamentally ideological exercise in itself.
Ideology is not a artificial, superimposed structure, nor a series of deliberate, conscious ideations. But instead a complex web of understandings of the social world, every bit as organic as the need to categorize. As such ideology and categorization exist in tandem, not in isolation. Humans are selective, biase,and prejudicial. This is categorically true. BUT, there not necessarily racist. These are personal preferences; they only become racist when used to hurt another person or group of people.
They are simply uncomfortable with differences contrary to what they consider normal or good. Prejudices are a natural response and can be both beneficial and damaging depending on the action taken. Racism is elevating ones own race above another simply because other races are viewed, as a whole, less valued and less human.
The comments above are more interesting and reasoned than the actual research! To argue that prejudice is resulting from a human instinct to categorise, and nothing else, is fundamentally flawed. We cannot dismiss the impact of ideology. If, as is syggested, all humans categorise and group others, then why are not ALL humans prejudiced? This is where ideology comes in, pkus our willingness to accept norms and stereotypes. To me, prejudice represents laziness on behalf of a thinker.
Or, perhaps implies lack of intellectual capacity. People who are not prejudiced do not think like this. Instead, they are more flexible, and can absorb lots of different pieces of information, plus rearrange their views to accomodate changes resulting from updated info. Added to this, they do not fear or worry about gaps in knowledge or information — they are emotionally mature and stable enough to accept uncertainty.
That is why not everyone is prejudiced. Because some people are more emotionally savvy, more intellectual, and more questioning. Ellie I agree that the degree of prejudice equates to laziness and maybe also decreased intellectual prowess, but also agree that it is inherent.
Our societal and community norms also predicts our response by a shared morality. This will influence to which degree we govern our reptilian brain. Consequently, this study contributes to minority entrepreneurship by providing practical implications in the context of China.
Finally, this work has certain limitations, providing opportunities for future research. First, the sample size is small and homogeneous as all participants are from the same university.
Future research is needed to explore the consumer discrimination against ethnic minorities with different identities. Second, although we found that potential consumers hold a bias against common products from minority ventures and offer a lower price, we did not find the underlying mechanism and reason. Third, social innovation is to solve social problems by creating new services or products Cajaiba-Santana, ; Wu et al.
In the future, research can focus on products of social innovation and provide evidence for whether or not the consumer price discrimination in minority entrepreneurship exists. Finally, we have only examined the existence of consumer price discrimination in minority entrepreneurship; other discriminations, such as employment discrimination and company valuation discrimination, are still unclear.
We hope that future research will complement and expand our study by exploring other phenomena of discrimination in entrepreneurship. Despite these limitations, we believe that our findings challenge the common view of minority entrepreneurship, and hope that both academics and practitioners will benefit from them.
Economic globalization has promoted political, economic, and cultural exchanges worldwide. Ethnic minority groups have been increasingly involved in multinational economic activities.
Prior empirical research shows that minority groups have a great influence in the development and growth of China Howell, However, consumer discrimination is a barrier for minority entrepreneurship and a critical obstacle that must be overcome for minority entrepreneurs Gomolka, To our knowledge, studies on consumer price discrimination of minority entrepreneurs and its antecedents in China are still rare. Only a few scholars have found that minority-operated enterprises perform worse than Han-operated enterprises, a disparity that suggests discrimination might be at play He et al.
To fill this gap, this paper provides a deep study focusing on two entrepreneurial products i. Furthermore, this study shows that prospective consumers expect minority entrepreneurs to offer low prices for common products, while offering high prices and high quality for products with ethnic characteristics.
Although this result contrasts somewhat with previous studies, it can be explained by the role of culture in entrepreneurship Rafiq, ; Morrison, ; Ma and Todorovic, ; Minkov and Hofstede, ; Thai and Turkina, This paper contributes to minority entrepreneurship by emphasizing the core role of ethnic culture, fully exploring its cultural connotations, transforming the creativity of cultural characteristics into economic benefits, and ensuring the inheritance and protection of ethnic culture in the process of entrepreneurship.
Furthermore, the empirical investigation of ethnic cultural characteristics may drive policymakers to devise better policies to support minority entrepreneurship.
The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the dataset were collected through behavioral experiments. This study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Ethics Committee of Academic Committee at the Southwest Jiaotong University with informed consent from all participates.
All participates gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Academic Committee. FL, XL, and CM participated in the design of this study, performed the statistical analysis, carried out the study, and collected important background information.
XL drafted the manuscript. FL, XL, and CM carried out the concepts, design, definition of intellectual content, literature search, data acquisition, data analysis, and manuscript preparation.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Aldrich, H. Ethnicity and entrepreneurship. Altinay, L. Marketing strategies of ethnic minority businesses in the UK. Antecol, H. Urban Econ. Appiah, B. Impact of ethnicity and self-employment on initial financing and business performance in entrepreneurship in China.
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